The Japanese invasion of Manchuria
From:
http://wheremydogs.at/articles/2007/...n-of-manchuria
The walls of international law and order took the first heavy blow after the Peace of Versailles with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria (1931).
Following the explosion of a bomb near Mukden, along a railway the Japanese had the right to protect, the Japanese made the Chinese responsible and invaded.
More significant to the breakdown of order than the actual invasion was the reaction of the League of Nations: no immediate action was taken. Instead, a commission (the “Lytton Commission”) was sent to investigate. On receiving of the “Lytton Report”, which condemned the Japanese invasion, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations (February 1933).
The consequences of the League’s unwillingness to act were far-reaching:
- it marked the first breakdown of international law and order that the League of Nations was designed to upkeep
- the position of the League of Nations as a peacekeeper was severely undermined – an aggressive power had successfully resisted the League
- the idea of collective security was challenged as the major powers (Britain and France) were unwilling to act – this encouraged and convinced Mussolini and Hitler that their demands similarly would be tolerated.